Biceps Tendon Rupture
What is a Biceps Tendon Rupture?
A biceps tendon rupture involves a tear of the tendon connecting the biceps muscle to the shoulder (proximal) or elbow (distal). It can cause weakness and a noticeable deformity in the arm.
- Sudden tear of the biceps tendon
- Can be proximal (shoulder) or distal (elbow)
Overview of the Condition
Proximal biceps ruptures often occur at the tendon’s attachment in the shoulder, while distal biceps ruptures occur near the elbow. They may result from acute trauma or chronic degeneration.
Symptoms
- Sharp pain at the time of rupture
- Weakness in flexion or supination
- A bulge or gap in the biceps muscle
Causes
Acute injuries (lifting heavy objects) or degenerative changes from overuse can weaken the tendon, leading to rupture.
Diagnosis
Physical examination often reveals the “Popeye” deformity. MRI may confirm the diagnosis and assess tendon retraction.
Treatment Options
- Conservative management if function remains adequate
- Surgical repair for distal ruptures or active patients requiring full strength
Conservative Management
Includes rest, NSAIDs, and physical therapy to maintain mobility and compensate for strength deficits.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Gentle range-of-motion exercises
- Gradual strengthening of forearm flexors
- Scapular stabilizing exercises for shoulder support
Surgical Options
Involves reattaching the torn tendon, especially for distal ruptures to restore supination and flexion strength.
Anatomy Overview
The biceps brachii has two heads (long and short) originating around the shoulder, converging into one tendon inserting at the forearm (radial tuberosity).
Affected Areas
- Proximal biceps tendon (shoulder region)
- Distal biceps tendon (elbow region)
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Is surgery always required? | Not always. Proximal ruptures often manage well without surgery, but distal ruptures commonly need repair. |
| What is the recovery time? | Recovery may take several months, especially after surgical repair. |
Prevention Strategies
- Avoid sudden heavy lifting
- Maintain balanced upper-body strength
- Use proper lifting techniques