Ac Joint Separation
What is an AC Joint Separation?
AC joint separation (or AC joint sprain) involves injury to the ligaments connecting the acromion and clavicle, resulting in varying degrees of joint displacement.
- Ligamentous injury at the acromioclavicular joint
- Causes shoulder deformity and pain
Overview of the Condition
Often caused by a fall directly onto the shoulder. Severity is graded from mild (Type I) to severe (Type VI) depending on ligament damage and displacement.
Symptoms
- Pain and tenderness over the AC joint
- Bump or prominence on the top of the shoulder
- Limited shoulder movement
Causes
Direct impact onto the shoulder (e.g., falling on a hard surface) injures the AC and coracoclavicular ligaments, causing separation.
Diagnosis
Physical exam reveals tenderness over the AC joint. X-rays with weights may show displacement. MRI clarifies ligament damage if needed.
Treatment Options
- Sling and rest for mild injuries
- Surgical reconstruction of ligaments for severe separations
- Physical therapy for rehabilitation
Conservative Management
Mild to moderate AC separations often heal with immobilization, ice, and NSAIDs. Early mobilization prevents stiffness.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Passive range-of-motion initially
- Gradual rotator cuff and scapular strengthening
- Sports-specific drills when pain-free
Surgical Options
Severe separations may require ligament reconstruction using grafts or fixation devices to restore AC joint alignment.
Anatomy Overview
The AC joint is supported by the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. Disruption leads to varying degrees of clavicle displacement.
Affected Areas
- Acromioclavicular joint
- Coracoclavicular ligaments
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Can I return to normal activities after an AC separation? | Yes, many people regain full function, especially with lower-grade injuries. |
| Does a bump on the shoulder remain? | Some cases show a residual bump but may not affect function. |
Prevention Strategies
- Use proper protective equipment in sports
- Avoid direct falls onto the shoulder
- Maintain strong upper body and good shoulder mechanics