Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
What is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Cubital tunnel syndrome is a condition caused by increased pressure or stretch of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, leading to numbness or tingling in the ring and little fingers.
- Also known as ulnar neuropathy at the elbow
- Often aggravated by prolonged elbow flexion
Overview of the Condition
When the ulnar nerve is compressed within the cubital tunnel, symptoms may include hand weakness and clumsiness. Early diagnosis and treatment help prevent long-term nerve damage.
Symptoms
- Numbness or tingling in the ring and little fingers
- Weakness or clumsiness in the hand and fingers
- Pain around the inside of the elbow
Causes
Repetitive elbow bending or pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow can irritate and compress the nerve. Certain anatomic variations or injuries may also narrow the cubital tunnel.
Diagnosis
A physical exam testing finger sensation and grip strength is often combined with nerve conduction studies to assess ulnar nerve function and locate the site of compression.
Treatment Options
- Bracing or splinting at night
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy and nerve gliding exercises
- Activity modification to reduce elbow flexion
Conservative Management
Many patients improve with nighttime splinting to keep the elbow slightly extended and avoid nerve irritation. Rest and ergonomic adjustments help reduce pressure on the nerve.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Ulnar nerve gliding exercises
- Gentle stretching of the forearm muscles
- Strengthening exercises for hand and wrist to maintain function
When is Surgery Needed?
Surgery is recommended if conservative measures fail or when there's significant muscle weakness or persistent numbness indicating advanced nerve compression.
Surgical Procedures
- Ulnar nerve release to alleviate pressure
- Ulnar nerve anterior transposition to reposition the nerve
- Medial epicondylectomy in select cases
Anatomy Overview
The cubital tunnel is located at the medial side of the elbow. The ulnar nerve passes behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus, making it vulnerable to compression and stretch.
Affected Areas
- Ulnar nerve at the elbow
- Ring and little fingers
- Intrinsic hand muscles innervated by the ulnar nerve
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Will wearing an elbow pad help? | Yes, an elbow pad can protect the area and reduce direct pressure on the nerve. |
| How long does it take to recover from surgery? | Recovery varies, but most patients see improvement in symptoms over weeks to a few months post-surgery. |
Prevention Strategies
- Avoid prolonged elbow flexion
- Use proper ergonomic supports
- Take frequent breaks during repetitive activities