Capsulitis
What is Capsulitis?
Capsulitis refers to inflammation of the joint capsule, a fibrous structure that encloses a joint. In the elbow, this can lead to stiffness, pain, and restricted range of motion.
- Often called 'frozen elbow' by analogy to frozen shoulder
- Can be post-traumatic or idiopathic
Overview of the Condition
Capsulitis develops when the synovial lining and surrounding tissue become inflamed. Thickening of the capsule can severely limit motion and cause chronic discomfort.
Symptoms
- Progressive loss of elbow range of motion
- Pain and difficulty with daily activities
- Stiffness that may be worse after inactivity
Causes
Elbow capsulitis can result from prolonged immobilization, inflammatory conditions (like arthritis), or injury leading to scar formation within the joint capsule.
Diagnosis
Physical examination measuring elbow flexion/extension and imaging such as X-rays or MRI help identify capsular thickening or underlying structural problems.
Treatment Options
- Physical therapy to restore motion
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Joint injections (corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid)
- Manipulation under anesthesia in resistant cases
Conservative Management
Early intervention with stretching and exercises can break capsular adhesions and restore mobility. Heat therapy and gentle mobilizations can also help.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Passive and active-assisted range-of-motion exercises
- Progressive stretching into terminal flexion/extension
- Low-load, prolonged stretches for resistant stiffness
When is Surgery Needed?
Surgery may be considered if conservative treatments fail to improve range of motion. Arthroscopic or open capsular release can be performed to remove scar tissue.
Surgical Procedures
- Arthroscopic capsular release
- Open release of tight structures
- Post-operative therapy to maintain gained motion
Anatomy Overview
The elbow joint capsule envelops the distal humerus and proximal ulna/radius articulations. Inflammation and scarring here limit normal elbow mechanics.
Affected Areas
- Anterior and posterior capsules of the elbow
- Surrounding synovial membrane
- Musculotendinous units that cross the elbow
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long does it take to recover? | Mild capsulitis may improve in weeks with therapy; severe cases can require months of rehabilitation. |
| Will I regain full motion? | Early intervention offers the best chance. Some patients may have slight residual stiffness, but functionality can be greatly improved. |
Prevention Strategies
- Avoid prolonged immobilization
- Perform regular range-of-motion exercises after injury
- Address joint inflammation promptly