Dislocated Shoulder
What is a Dislocated Shoulder?
A shoulder dislocation occurs when the humeral head is forcibly removed from the glenoid socket. The most common type is an anterior dislocation.
- Humeral head displaced from glenoid
- Often caused by trauma or falls
Overview of the Condition
Shoulder dislocations can damage surrounding ligaments and cartilage (labrum), leading to instability and recurrent dislocations if not properly managed.
Symptoms
- Severe shoulder pain
- Visible deformity or squared-off appearance
- Inability to move the arm
Causes
High-impact sports, falls onto an outstretched arm, or sudden twisting forces can force the humeral head out of the glenoid.
Diagnosis
Physical exam and X-rays confirm dislocation. MRI may be used to assess soft tissue damage (labral tears).
Treatment Options
- Closed reduction to reposition the humeral head
- Immobilization in a sling
- Physical therapy and, if necessary, surgical stabilization
Conservative Management
After reduction, the shoulder is immobilized for a short period, followed by rehabilitation focusing on rotator cuff and scapular stabilization.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Gentle passive range-of-motion
- Progressive cuff strengthening
- Proprioceptive and stability drills
Surgical Options
Arthroscopic labral repair (Bankart repair) or capsular shift for patients with recurrent instability or significant soft tissue damage.
Anatomy Overview
The glenohumeral joint is inherently mobile. The labrum, capsule, and ligaments provide stability; disruption can cause repeated dislocations.
Affected Areas
- Glenohumeral joint
- Glenoid labrum
- Capsuloligamentous structures
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How soon can I resume sports? | Return depends on healing and rehab progress; it can take several months. |
| Will my shoulder dislocate again? | Recurrent dislocation risk is higher if soft tissue damage is not repaired. |
Prevention Strategies
- Strengthen rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers
- Avoid activities that place excessive stress on the shoulder
- Wear protective gear in contact sports