Ingrown Toenail
What is an Ingrown Toenail?
An ingrown toenail occurs when the nail grows into the surrounding skin, typically at the sides of the nail, causing pain, redness, and swelling.
- Commonly affects the big toe
- Can lead to infection if not treated
Overview of the Condition
Tight footwear, improper nail trimming, and genetic factors can predispose individuals to ingrown nails. Early intervention can prevent more serious infections and complications.
Symptoms
- Toe pain along the nail edges
- Redness and swelling of the toe
- Pus or drainage if infection develops
Causes
Cutting nails too short or at an angle, wearing tight or narrow shoes, toe injuries, and curved toenails all increase the risk of ingrown nails.
Diagnosis
Clinical examination typically suffices. Severe infections or diabetic patients may need further evaluation for underlying conditions.
Treatment Options
- Soaking the foot in warm water
- Lifting or separating the nail from the skin with cotton or dental floss
- Antibiotics if infection is present
- Partial or total nail removal in recurrent cases
Conservative Management
Early stages often improve with warm soaks, antibiotic ointment, and wearing open-toed or loose-fitting shoes. Proper nail trimming techniques are crucial.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Regular inspection and cleaning of the toe
- Gentle range of motion if toe stiffness develops
- Avoiding direct pressure on the toe until fully healed
When is Surgery Needed?
Surgery (partial nail avulsion) is considered if the condition is recurrent, severely infected, or unresponsive to conservative treatments.
Surgical Procedures
- Partial nail removal with or without phenol ablation
- Complete nail removal if severe deformity exists
- Post-op care to prevent infection and promote healing
Anatomy Overview
Toenails protect the distal phalanx. If they grow abnormally into the skin along the nail border, local tissue damage and infection can occur.
Affected Areas
- Skin folds on the sides of the nail
- Nail matrix if repeated trauma occurs
- Surrounding tissues if infection spreads
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Can I cut out the ingrown toenail myself? | Self-treatment can worsen the condition if done improperly. Medical evaluation is recommended for recurrent or severe cases. |
| How long until I can wear normal shoes again? | For mild cases, once pain subsides and swelling improves (days to a week). Surgical cases may require a few weeks. |
Prevention Strategies
- Trim nails straight across, not too short
- Wear properly fitting shoes
- Keep feet clean and dry to avoid infection