Hallux Valgus
What is Hallux Valgus?
Hallux valgus, commonly called a bunion, is a deformity of the big toe joint in which the toe deviates toward the second toe, forming a bony prominence on the medial side of the foot.
- Most frequent in women, often related to narrow or high-heeled shoes
- Can cause pain, redness, and difficulty walking
Overview of the Condition
Bunions result from a combination of genetic factors, foot mechanics, and footwear. Over time, the big toe joint becomes misaligned, leading to discomfort and swelling.
Symptoms
- A visible bump on the side of the big toe
- Redness, swelling, or soreness around the joint
- Pain that worsens with tight shoes
- Overlapping of the first and second toes
Causes
Genetic predisposition, improper footwear, and biomechanical instability contribute to bunion development. Chronic stress on the forefoot can exacerbate the deformity.
Diagnosis
Visual inspection and X-rays help assess the degree of toe angulation and any arthritic changes within the joint.
Treatment Options
- Wider, more comfortable footwear
- Orthotics or bunion pads
- NSAIDs for pain relief
- Surgical correction if severe
Conservative Management
Lifestyle changes such as selecting shoes with a wide toe box can alleviate pressure. Toe spacers and orthotics help slow progression.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Toe stretches and mobility exercises
- Strengthening the foot intrinsic muscles
- Balance exercises to improve foot alignment
When is Surgery Needed?
Surgery is indicated if persistent pain limits daily activities or if there is significant deformity. Procedures aim to realign the toe and restore function.
Surgical Procedures
- Bunionectomy to remove the bony prominence
- Osteotomy to realign the bone
- Soft-tissue balancing procedures
Anatomy Overview
Hallux valgus affects the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint of the great toe, causing medial deviation of the first metatarsal and lateral deviation of the toe.
Affected Areas
- First metatarsophalangeal joint
- Surrounding ligaments and joint capsule
- Possible involvement of the lesser toes if crowded
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Do toe separators work? | They can reduce friction and pain short term, but they do not permanently correct the deformity. |
| How soon can I walk after bunion surgery? | Recovery varies by procedure; many patients can bear weight in a special shoe or boot within days to weeks. |
Prevention Strategies
- Wear supportive, properly fitting shoes
- Avoid prolonged use of high heels or narrow-toed footwear
- Perform foot exercises to maintain joint flexibility