Radial Head Fracture
What is a Radial Head Fracture?
A radial head fracture is a break in the radial head, the top portion of the radius bone, which forms part of the elbow joint.
- Typically occurs due to a fall on an outstretched hand
- Can lead to pain, swelling, and limited motion around the elbow
Overview of the Condition
Fractures of the radial head can range from small cracks to complex breaks. Stability of the elbow joint and forearm rotation may be affected, impacting daily activities.
Symptoms
- Pain on the lateral side of the elbow
- Swelling and stiffness
- Difficulty rotating the forearm (supination/pronation)
Causes
Most radial head fractures result from trauma, such as falling onto an outstretched hand or direct impact to the elbow.
Diagnosis
X-rays are the primary diagnostic tool. In some cases, a CT scan can reveal more complex fracture patterns or small fragments.
Treatment Options
- Immobilization with a sling or splint for minor fractures
- Early motion exercises if stable
- Surgery (e.g., fixation, replacement) for severe or displaced fractures
Conservative Management
Stable or minimally displaced fractures may heal with immobilization, followed by gentle range-of-motion exercises to prevent stiffness.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Gradual elbow flexion and extension exercises
- Forearm rotation (supination/pronation) within pain limits
- Gentle strengthening once the fracture is stable
When is Surgery Needed?
Surgery is considered if the fracture is displaced, involves multiple fragments, or if joint stability is compromised. Persistent mechanical locking also may require operative intervention.
Surgical Procedures
- Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with screws or plates
- Radial head resection in irreparable fractures
- Radial head arthroplasty (replacement) in select cases
Anatomy Overview
The radial head articulates with the capitellum of the humerus, allowing forearm rotation. It also contributes to elbow stability by articulating with the ulna at the proximal radioulnar joint.
Affected Areas
- Lateral (outer) elbow joint
- Radius bone near the elbow
- Proximal radioulnar joint
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long until I can regain full motion? | Recovery timelines vary, but many patients see significant improvement within 6-12 weeks with proper therapy. |
| Will I set off metal detectors if I have screws or plates? | It's possible in some cases, but modern implants typically do not cause major issues. A medical card can clarify if needed. |
Prevention Strategies
- Use protective gear during high-risk sports
- Maintain bone health through diet and exercise
- Take caution when walking on slippery surfaces to prevent falls