Shoulder Fracture
What is a Shoulder Fracture?
A shoulder fracture typically refers to a break in one of the bones forming the shoulder joint—often the proximal humerus, but may also involve the scapula or clavicle.
- Break in the humerus, scapula, or clavicle
- Caused by trauma or falls on the shoulder
Overview of the Condition
Shoulder fractures can range from simple non-displaced breaks to complex multi-part fractures requiring surgical fixation.
Symptoms
- Severe shoulder pain
- Swelling and bruising
- Deformity or inability to move the arm
Causes
Commonly caused by direct trauma, falls onto an outstretched arm, or high-energy injuries like car accidents.
Diagnosis
X-rays confirm the fracture type. CT scans may be used to assess complex fractures or plan surgical treatment.
Treatment Options
- Immobilization (sling or brace) for non-displaced fractures
- Surgical fixation for displaced or complex fractures
- Physical therapy for rehabilitation
Conservative Management
Non-surgical care includes immobilization in a sling, pain management, and early passive range-of-motion exercises once the fracture is stable.
Rehabilitation Exercises
- Pendulum exercises for early mobility
- Gradual progression to active range-of-motion
- Strengthening exercises after fracture healing
Surgical Options
Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plates, screws, or rods. Severe fractures might require shoulder replacement if the joint is irreparable.
Anatomy Overview
The shoulder girdle includes the humerus, scapula, and clavicle. Fractures can involve any of these bones, impacting shoulder function.
Affected Areas
- Proximal humerus
- Scapula (glenoid, body, or acromion)
- Clavicle
Frequently Asked Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How long does it take to heal? | Healing times vary; most fractures need 6-12 weeks to unite, plus rehabilitation. |
| Is surgery always required? | Not for non-displaced fractures; they can often be treated with immobilization. |
Prevention Strategies
- Maintain bone health with adequate calcium and vitamin D
- Use protective gear in contact sports
- Prevent falls by improving balance and removing tripping hazards